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en:bpi-r2:network:iptables

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en:bpi-r2:network:iptables [2023/06/08 17:06] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +====== IPTables ======
 +
 +FIXME
 +
 +{{ :bpi-r2:network:firewall.png?nolink |}}
 +===== IPv4 =====
 +
 +<code>
 +#delete previous rules
 +${ipt} -F
 +${ipt} -X
 +${ipt} -t nat -F
 +${ipt} -t nat -X
 +${ipt} -t mangle -F
 +${ipt} -t mangle -X
 +
 +# Default-Rule for IPv4: drop all
 +${ipt} -P INPUT   DROP
 +${ipt} -P OUTPUT  DROP
 +${ipt} -P FORWARD DROP
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +# policy for TCP-Reset/UDP-Reject as alternative to "-j DROP"
 +${ipt} -N REJECTED
 +if [[ ! "${LOG}" = "" ]];
 +then
 +  echo "enable IPv4-Firewall-Logging (all)...";
 +  ${ipt} -A REJECTED -m limit --limit 10/min -j LOG --log-prefix "NETFILTER4-REJECTED: " --log-level 4
 +fi
 +${ipt} -A REJECTED -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset
 +${ipt} -A REJECTED -p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
 +${ipt} -A REJECTED -j DROP
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +# localhost
 +${ipt} -A INPUT  -i lo -j ACCEPT
 +${ipt} -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
 +
 +${ipt} -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT
 +${ipt} -A INPUT  -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # incoming connetions which are requested
 +${ipt} -A INPUT  -p icmp -m limit --limit 5/s --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT # ICMP incoming, max 5/s
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +#Block Teredo-Stuff
 +#${ipt} -I FORWARD -p udp --dport 3544 -j REJECTED
 +#${ipt} -I FORWARD -p udp --sport 3544 -j REJECTED
 +#http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -p 41 -j REJECTED #IPv6 Encapsulation
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -p 43 -j REJECTED #Routing Header for IPv6
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -p 44 -j REJECTED #Fragment Header for IPv6
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -p 58 -j REJECTED #ICMP for IPv6
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -p 59 -j REJECTED #No Next Header for IPv6
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -p 60 -j REJECTED #Destination Options for IPv6
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +#ssh with rate-limit (replacing hosts.allow)
 +${ipt} -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -i ${if_ext} -m state --state NEW -m recent --set
 +${ipt} -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -i ${if_ext} -m state --state NEW -m recent --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 4 -j REJECTED #4 connections in 1 minute
 +${ipt} -A INPUT  -p tcp --dport  22 -j ACCEPT #SSH incoming
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -i ${if_int} -o ${if_ext} -j ACCEPT #Forwarding Int->Ext
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -i ${if_ext} -o ${if_int} -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #Forwarding Ext->Int (only existing/requested connections)
 +
 +${ipt} -A INPUT -i ${if_int} -j ACCEPT #accept all request from internal
 +</code>
 +... (some other rules, e.g. [[#port-forwardings]])
 +<code>
 +# REJECT/RESET for everything else
 +${ipt} -A INPUT   -j REJECTED
 +${ipt} -A OUTPUT  -j REJECTED
 +${ipt} -A FORWARD -j REJECTED
 +</code>
 +
 +additional options:
 +<code>
 +#Kernel-option for SYN-Cookies
 +echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies  #enable syn cookies (prevent against 'syn flood attack')
 +
 +if [ -f /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects ]; then
 +    echo "   Kernel ignores all ICMP redirects"
 +    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects
 +fi
 +
 +if [ -f /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts ]; then
 +   echo "   Kernel ignores ICMP Echo requests sent to broadcast/multicast addresses"
 +   echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
 +fi
 +
 +</code>
 +==== Port-Forwardings ====
 +
 +=== setup ===
 +
 +forward port 522 to Client 192.168.0.5 port 22
 +
 +  ${ipt} -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 522 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.5:22
 +
 +=== show ===
 +
 +  iptables -L -t nat
 +  
 +  Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
 +  target     prot opt source               destination         
 +  DNAT       tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:522 to:192.168.0.5:22
 +
 +==== active-ftp ====
 +
 +to allow active-ftp from a client you need to load 2 modules and set 1 iptables-rule
 +
 +  modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
 +  modprobe ip_nat_ftp ports=21
 +
 +
 +  ${ipt} -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
 +
 +
 +===== IPv6 =====